Question:
Hi Dr. Ramirez,
I have been on a rollercoaster ride for the past week and I am hoping that you can offer me your opinion.
I received a positive beta after my 4th IVF on Monday (11dp3dt). It was 14.3 and my RE said that it was quite low. I held out hope as I am convinced that I tend to implant a little later than others. In a previous cycle I had a negative beta 12dp3dt and found out that I was pregnant a couple of weeks later. I tested 3 days later and my beta was up to 52.8. I was so excited and felt so much better about things. I am scheduled to go back on Sunday morning for another beta.
I am currently taking Crinone 2xday. For the past week, I have had dark brown Crinone gunk(sorry for TMI). Last night and this morning there was some red blood on the applicator tip. At 1st I thought it was just irritation but for the past couple of hours, when I wipe there has been more red blood. I am also getting some minor cramping.
I am freaking out and I am so worried that things are moving in the wrong direction. I called my clinic and they said that they cant know anything until Sundays beta. They said it could be start of a miscarriage given the low beta #'s or it could be irritation from the Crinone or even pregnancy spotting.
I was hoping that you could offer some advice as I remember in the past that you prescribe Crinone to your patients.
Is RED spotting normal? How much spotting is normal? Was I foolish to be hopeful after my #'s doubled? Do you think its likely that this will end in miscarriage?
Any insight would be greatly appreciated. I dont know if i can hold out until Sunday's beta.
Thank you,
D. from Boston, Mass.
Answer:
Hello D. from the U.S.(Massachusetts),
The advice that your doctor gave you is completely correct. It could be from the Crinone, and I have seen an increased incidence of spotting in my patients using Crinone), it could be implantation spotting or pregnancy spotting or it could be indicating an abnormal pregnancy. There is no way to know which of these is the correct diagnosis. In general, I reassure my patients not to worry about spotting. I only worry if the bleeding is bright red flow like a period with accompanying cramping. The only way to determine the fate of this pregnancy at this point is to continue to follow the bHCG's every other day. This trend will then give you a better idea of how the pregnancy is doing. AS long as the bHCG is rising, then you can be reassured. If it plateaus or drops, then that is not a good sign.
Follow-Up Question #1:
Dr. Ramirez,
Thank you for getting back to me. Unfortunately, my beta level dropped on Saturday so it looks like I will be having another chemical pregnancy. I am devastated of course. I was hoping that you might be able to provide me with some insight as to an explanation as to why this keeps happening.
A little history:
Me: 31 years old- normal FSH but AMH is .8
Husband: Very low morphology (less than 1%)
This was our 4th IVF cycle and 3rd chemical pregnancy. I have had tons of testing... RPL work-up, HSG, genetic testing, uterine biopsy and all came back normal.
I am a low responder and in previous cycles have had poor egg quality. I just switched REs and had a better response with an Estrogen Priming Antagonist protocol. He used a low dose HCG with Gonal F. Quality and ICSI fertilization rate was much better so I was hopeful that this was it.
My RE said that it was likely a chromosomal issue with the embryo and probably because of poor egg quality and we just need to keep trying and hopefully will get that “one” good egg. I don’t know if I am comfortable with that answer. We only have 2 insurance tries left and I want to make sure we are exploring all options before proceeding again. What would you recommend for your patients at this point? Do you think that it is worth doing a Sperm DNA fragmentation test?
What could be the reason for all of these chemical pregnancies?
Any insight is greatly appreciated.
Follow-Up Answer #1 :
Hello Again,
The exact reason cannot be known, of course but the most common reason for chemical pregnancies are a genetic abnormality in the embryo. With poor morphology in the semen analysis and your young age, definitely the genetic weakness could be from the sperm. I don't recommend the sperm DNA fragmentation test because it only gives the indication for the batch of sperm that it tests and not the sperm as a whole. In addition, the treatment recommendation is to use ICSI, which I presume you are doing already. So you won't gain anything from that test. If we suspect the sperm, other than ICSI you have the choice of either using donor sperm the next time or maybe try using a supplement for three months before doing IVF again. The supplements that your husband can try, which might help with sperm quality, are either Proxeed or Fertility Blend (vitamins) and CoQ10 600 mg per day. He will have to wait three months because sperm are on a 90 day cycle #the sperm made today won't be expressed for 90 days.
The only other options I could give are what I would do with my patients who have recurrent miscarriages (which is what you have even if it is a chemical pregnancy). Studies have shown the benefit of these meds and it is standard of practice to use these with recurrent miscarriages.
I would add: aspirin 81 mg per day, Medrol 15 mg per day until transfer then decrease to 8 mg per day, Heparin 2000 units twice per day and CoQ10 600 mg per day, all starting with the start of the cycle (CD#2). The Aspirin and Heparin are withheld from the day of HCG trigger until the day after the retrieval. The only other option you might want to consider is genetic testing of the embryos prior to transfer, called preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). That way you will know if the embryos are normal genetically or not. The downside of using PGS is I have observed and some studies have shown a drop in pregnancy rates after this. Some of my colleagues say that if it is done by a very experienced embryologist who does lots of these procedures, the pregnancy rate does not drop.
You'll have to discuss these options with your doc. I'm afraid there are no exact answers to your dilemma. But, studies on patients with recurrent pregnancies have shown that eventually these patients are successful. So, hang in there, even if your insurance coverage expires.
Follow-Up Question #2:
Thank you so much for your thorough response. I really appreciate it.
I am only 31 years old but I do have a low AMH (only .8) so along with that and the fact that I am a low responder, my RE suspects that I may have a diminished ovarian reserve. So, unfortunately, both my husband and I seem to have issues.
Do you think that the low AMH and dimished ovarian reserve contribute to the repeat miscarriages? Or do you think it is likely a sperm issue?
Is there any way to tell who is main contributor to this issue? We are not ready to talk about donors at this point and will continue to try with our own eggs/sperm for now but in the event that we need to explore other options, it would be helpful to know if we would be more likely to succeed using donor egg or donor sperm.
My RE has given us the impression that it is more a egg issue but hasn't given us any explanation of why.
Any help with this would be hugely appreciated.
Follow Up Answer #2:
Hello Agian,
There is no way to know what the exact cause of the recurrent miscarriages is. It could be egg or sperm derived since the genetics of the embryo come from both. Considering that you are ONLY 31 years old, I would suspect that it is NOT an egg issue but there is no way to be sure.
It is definitely not related to AMH or low ovarian reserve. The AMH is a measure of follicle availability and low ovarian reserve is a description of ovarian response to stimulation.
Good Luck,
Dr. Edward J. Ramirez, M.D., FACOG
Executive Medical Director
The Fertility and Gynecology Center
Monterey Bay IVF Program
http://www.montereybayivf.com/
Dr. Edward Ramirez is the medical director of Monterey Bay IVF, a women's fertility & gynecology center located in Monterey, California. He hopes to provide those who read his infertility blog with insights into the latest advances in women's health & infertility issues. He respectfully shares his knowledge as a specialist with women and men from all over the world. Visit his center at www.montereybayivf.com
Showing posts with label bleeding after embryo transfer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label bleeding after embryo transfer. Show all posts
Saturday, May 12, 2012
Fourth IVF Cycle Ends In A Chemical Pregnancy: What Can Be Done?
Saturday, September 3, 2011
After 11 IUI's, Canadian Fails 1st IVF cycle: Poor Embryos, Bleeding Or Implantation Failure?
Question:
Dear Dr. Ramirez,
I'm writing to you from Toronto, Canada. Thank you in advance for your answer!
My husband and I are both 37 years old. I was diagnosed with mild PCOS due to the shape of my ovary (pearl-like follicles) and irregular cycle (28-36 days), and as result was prescribed Metformin. My husband has low sperm count and motility. Last year I was pregnant after 5 attempts of IUI (intra uterine insemination), but unfortunately ended up in miscarriage due to chromosome abnormality. The protocols include Letrozole Femara on its own, Letrozole Femara in combination with Gonal-f and Hcg Ovidrel, and one unstimulated cycle. In all cycles, we only worked with 1 follicle. My husband's sperm ranged from 1-5 million after washed during those cycles. During our pregnant cycle, Letrozole Femara in combination with Gonal-f and Hcg Ovidrel were used, his sperm was 1.6 million after washed.
Three months after the miscarriage we tried again, with 6 rounds of IUI with similar protocols as before, but also include doubling Letrozole Femara with Gonal-f and Orgalutron, as well as Gonal-f injection only but none resulted in pregnancy. With the exception of 1 cycle where we worked with 2 follicles, the rest we only worked with 1 follicle. My husband's sperm ranged from 1-7 million after washed during those cycles.
Recently we went through an unsuccessful round of IVF-ICSI (in vitro fertilization with intra cytoplasmic sperm injection), with 5 days transfer. Protocols include Gonal-f, Repronex, Orgalutron, and Hcg Ovidrel. I was also put on a birth control pill the cycle prior to IVF cycle, and had an endometrium biopsy during the luteal phase of the birth control cycle. Post retrieval include antibiotics and vaginal natural progesterone 100mg in the morning and 200mg in the evening. Post transfer include vaginal natural progesterone 200mg in the morning and 200mg in the evening, and 81 mg aspirin daily.15 eggs were retrieved with 11 matured. 3 were IVF and 8 were ICSI. 1 out of the 3 IVF fertilized, and 4 out of the 8 ICSI fertilized. Since more than 3 eggs fertilized, the clinic's policy is to do 5 days transfer. By day 3 the quality of the 5 embryos were as follows: 10-12 cells grade 2 (good), 8 cells grade 1 (excellent), 8 cells grade 1 (excellent), 8 cells grade 2 (good), and 6 cells grade 2 (good).Unfortunately only 1 of the 8 cells (ICSI) turned into a blastocyst (with quality "not bad" according to my doctor).
The day 5 transfer include the only blastocyst we have and the 10-12 cells embryo. We ended up having no embryos to freeze. I started bleeding 7 days after the transfer.
Sorry for the long background story, my questions are as follows:
What should we do to ensure successful IVF next time? Failing the IVF, do I have an implantation problem?
What could have been done to prevent the early bleeding, could the progesterone injection prevent it? I didn't seem to have luteal phase defect in the past since my period normally come 14-16 days after ovulation.
What would have caused the poor embryo development after day 3? My doctor mentioned about possible sperm DNA fragmentation issue although this still need to be tested. Are there any other tests we should do?
What could have caused sperm DNA fragmentation, my husband doesn't smoke or drink, or exposed to any chemical environment in his day to day.
What protocol would you suggest for an IUI? Just want to mention that I didn't respond well to clomid and therefore my doctor prescribed letrozole. Why did IUI work for us last year and the last 6 attempts didn't? Also, I started taking Chinese herbs subsequent to miscarriage, therefore for the first 5 attempts out of the 6 IUI attempts I was also taking Chinese herbs at the same time, would that be why the IUI's failed?
I very much appreciate your time and help.Yours sincerely, E. from Canada
Answer:
Hello E. from Canada,
Thank you for all the information, it helps a great deal. Let me get to your questions directly.
1. Unfortunately, I don't comment on specific protocols because each doctor, clinic and country use different protocols. There is no right one or wrong one. These variations will often determine pregnancy success, however, and is the reason why some clinics are more successful than others. So, despite what I might advise you as to protocols, inevitably it will be your doctor's opinion, based on his training, knowledge and experience, that determines what protocols you use. Given that, it looks like you stimulated well, had a good number of eggs and embryos formed. The only changes I might suggest, which you have control over is (1) ICSI ALL eggs to allow for maximum fertilization and embryo number, (2) DO NOT PROGRESS TO BLASTOCYST CULTURE without at least 5 8-cell grade 1 or 2 embryos.There is an inherent attrition rate from day#3 embryos to blastocyst that may have nothing to do with inherent embryo quality. Based on preimplantation genetic testing data, sometimes even genetically normal and healthy embryos may not make it to blastocyst. Keep in mind that blastocyst culturing is still in its early development stages and not perfect. If you don't have enough embryos to lose, don't do it.
2. The bleeding after embryo transfer is very very common. I would refer you to my blog where that particular topic is the most often viewed. There is more information to this than I can give in this forum. Basically, however, it is not clear why or where this bleeding is from and how to prevent it. The good thing is that in many, if not most cases, it is of no consequence.
3. As mentioned above, the lack of embryo development does not necessarily have to be due to poor embryo quality. But, embryo quality can certainly affect the ability of an embryo to develop to blastocyst. The sperm fragmentation part . . . I'm not sure I would agree with that. Your age affects egg quality and therefore embryo quality more significantly.
4. Unknown what causes sperm fragmentation.
5. If you were going to return to IUI (which is an option but you have to consider that you will be lowering your chances of pregnancy) I would probably go to injectables only stimulation and not a combination protocol. The goal would be for you to have three to four ovulatory sized follicles (n0t one like you have been having), which will increase your chances of a successful pregnancy. The fact that you have gotten pregnant in the past is an indication that your reproductive system works but you have to overcome the sperm factors and the age factor. For these two, I would probably recommend IVF.
I would caution against adding herbal regimens. These are just un-purified pharmaceuticals. They could certainly have adverse affects.
Follow-Up Question:
Thank you so much for your reply.
In reading your blog on early bleeding, I mentioned to my doctor about using injectable progesterone. She wasn't on board and she still recommends vaginal progesterone. She explained that based on numerous researches, the vaginal progesterone is as effective as injectable, and the injectable create much discomfort. Instead for the next IVF, she will add estrogen patch. Should I insist on the injectable, I'm worried that I won't have enough progesterone support for implantation. Is it possible that's what might have caused the early period bleeding in my last IVF (7 days post 5 days transfer)?
Lastly, could the miscarriage that happened last year after IUI was also caused by lack of progesterone? That cycle I was only prescribed 100mg vaginal progesterone daily. However there was no bleeding whatsoever and after the fetal heartbeat stopped at 2.5 months pregnancy, I had a D&C done.
We will be doing another IVF 2 months later, in these 2 months, 1st month will be natural cycle and the 2nd month will be birth control cycle. Will doing the next IVF this early affect the eggs quality (the quality will be worse) and therefore reduce the pregnancy chance? Best regards, E.
Follow Up Answer:
Hello Again, Your doctor is correct in that studies have shown that vaginal progesterone is just as effective as injectable, and doesn't have the discomfort of the injection (Injectable progesterone has to be given intramuscularly). Injectable progesterone is still the gold standard, however, and if that is the form that you want, I don't see why your doctor can't change. But these kinds of things are what make each doctor different. Extra progesterone does not hurt, so why not? You could continue to argue with her but it sounds like she has her preferred way and will stand by it. The estrogen is a different hormone. I don't see any benefit to that for the bleeding but I certainly supplement with estrogen in my protocols.
Remember, I said that you cannot compare protocols because there is no one way, right way or wrong way. Protocols differ between doctors and clinics and that is okay.In the IUI pregnancy, which found a heart beat, progesterone was definitely not the cause. The lack of progesterone will result in very early pregnancy loss. Way before the placenta develops to produce its own progesterone. After that point, losses are usually due to abnormal pregnancies or fetal development.
The answer to your last question is NO. One can do an IVF cycle as quickly as every other month. Each cycle is different and unique and the eggs retrieved are unique. They can be good eggs or bad eggs, which is already predetermined prior to the IVF cycle depending on the state that the egg is in prior to stimulation.
Good Luck,
Edward J. Ramirez, M.D., FACOG
Executive Medical Director
The Fertility and Gynecology Center
Monterey Bay IVF Program
www.montereybayivf.com
Monterey, California, U.S.A.
Friday, July 15, 2011
Inadequate Luteal Phase Support In IVF Cycle Can Cause Bleeding & Failure
Hello Dr. Edward,
Thank you in advance for your answer! I'm from Paraguay. I just went through my second IVF-ICSI and both times I started bleeding 7-8 days after day 3 transfer, just when implantation should be occurring. Do I have an implantation problem? Are there any tests I should do? What should be done to prevent this early bleeding? I'll appreciate your expert opinion on this!
Here are the details of the case:
He: 38, had testicular cancer 6 years ago (unilateral orchiectomy and radiotherapy), very low count, morphology and motility. Now healthy, treated autoinmune hypothyroidism, BMI 26.
She: 34, no known fertility concerns, healthy, BMI 27.
Went directly for IVF-ICSI due to male factor.1st IVF/ICSI: 12 eggs, 6 fertilized, 3 transfered (day 3, 2x 8 cell + 1x 7 cell, fair quality), none to freeze. Long agonist protocol: suppressed with BCP + Lupron, stimulated with Menopur + Puregon, triggered with HCG, after ER Dostinex (8 days), anti-inflammatories and antibiotics (3 days), luteal support with Prometrium. Early bleeding 8dp3dt: BFN.2nd IVF/ICSI: 14 eggs, 8 fertilized, 3 transferred (day 3, 1x 9 cell + 1x 8 cell + 1x 7 cell, good quality), 4 frozen. Same protocol, added Estrace and more Prometrium for luteal support. Early bleeding 7dp3dt: BFN. Thank you!
Answer:
Hello E. from Paraguay,
Thanks for the information. You don't mention how much Prometrium you used in your cycles but I think that may be the problem. I think you may have inadequate luteal phase support i.e not enough progesterone. Certainly prometrium should be adequate to cover the luteal phase, and many studies have shown that vaginal progesterone only is adequate, but the dosage has to be adequate as well. I think the minimum used should be 100mg three times per day. In my practice, because I don't want patients to not get pregnant or lose a pregnancy because of inadequate progesterone, I use both injectable progesterone 50mg per day and vaginal progesterone (I use Endometrin) 100 mg per day. That is what I would recommend for you. You should not be having bleeding that soon after embryo transfer.
Protocols and technique are what distinguishes IVF centers and their respective pregnancy rates. So, that is what you need to carefully evaluate.
Good Luck,
Dr. Edward J. Ramirez, M.D., FACOG
Executive Medical Director
The Fertility and Gynecology Center
Monterey Bay IVF Program
www.montereybayivf.com
Monterey, California, U.S.A.
Wednesday, July 14, 2010
A Positive BHCG But Now Bleeding Two Weeks After Embryo Transfer: Am I Miscarrying?
Question:
Hello. I did an IVF transfer June 24th, was told it was a beautiful transfer of 3 beautiful embryos. This past Tuesday, July 6th, I got a positive result, however doc told me to be cautiously optimistic as it could be a chemical pregnancy because my level was 33. The next morning I woke up to cramps and started brown (old blood like) spotting, which is kind of weird for me to be honest. My cautious optimism diminishes to despair. Called doc, told me it was normal and had to wait. Retested 48 hrs later (yesterday) and it was 60, so it nearly doubled! Which was a big shocker...I was really expecting it to go down. But yeah, right?
This morning, July 10th, I woke up to heavier spotting and an actual clot like thing (which kind of looked like a massive amount of my Crinone gel). Mostly brown blood with a little red now, but mostly when I wipe after going to the bathroom (sorry TMI). They say it could be a number of things, irritation from the progesterone gel, passing of one of the embryos, or just normal pregnancy symptoms. I think they are miscarry symptoms. I go back for blood draw Monday and I am just beside myself. I am normally a pretty together person but this has turned me upside down as I feel like I'm on an emotional roller coaster. One day I think I am dealing with a m/c and then we get news that my hcg doubles. This bleeding after my embryo transfer worries me.
I guess what I'm asking is should I look at the doubling as good news or could it be my levels haven't caught up with what will happen? Could I be passing one or two embryos while one implants? Is a m/c imminent in your opinion? Any help would be most appreciated. Thank you in advance. D. from the U.S.
Answer:
Hello D. from the U.S.,
First, let me answer your last question. Based on your symptoms and bHCG levels, you CANNOT make a diagnosis of imminent miscarriage. It can go either way, but I tend to focus on the good side.
The bHCG levels doubled as they were supposed to. I generally follow them every 48 hrs for the first four levels, but your doctor has a different protocol. As long as they continue to rise and approximately double (they don't have to double exactly), then we wait and see how things go. There is only a limited amount of information that you can gather from this blood test. If they are going up, you are pregnant and things are looking good. If they plateau or drop then things are not good. One cannot necessarily predict the outcome based on the levels.
Second, I would totally disregard the spotting that you are having, and not worry unless it is bright red blood that flows like a period. Anything less than that can be "normal" at this point. Bleeding after embryo transfer is more common than you think. We see this very, very often. . . in almost 90% of our IVF patients using Crinone. In fact, there have been studies showing increased spotting with vaginal progesterones like Crinone. It is thought that the progesterone makes the cervix more prone to oozing from the surface. In any case, this type of spotting with Crinone is very common.
Not much can be known about the pregnancy at this very early point, except that you are pregnant! Now, despite the worry, you have to wait and see how things progress. Try to be optimistic and keep the stress level down. I would not assume that you are destined for a miscarriage or are miscarrying yet. It can still go either way. Whatever is destined to happen, will happen and we don't have the power to change that at this point. We can only hope and pray for the best. By the way, it is never "TMI" (too much information), rather, all the information you can provide is appreciated by a physician.
The very best of luck to you both, my thoughts are with you. Sincerely,
Edward J. Ramirez, M.D., FACOG
Executive Medical Director
The Fertility and Gynecology Center
Monterey Bay IVF
Monterey, California
www.montereybayivf.com
Labels:
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Friday, November 27, 2009
Bleeding After Embryo Transfer
In the course of my volunteering as the Infertility Expert on About.com's AllExperts site, as well as here on my own blog, I have had many questions regarding bleeding right after embryo transfer or in the Luteal phase. What follows is an attempt to answer one of the chief concerns that IVF patients have, namely, "What if I have bleeding after my embryo transfer?"
**For those who wish to COMMENT with questions or observations, please note that the comment section is CLOSED on this post as it has exceeded the limit Blogger allows. Solution: You are welcome to choose any other blog post to comment on "bleeding after embryo transfer" and I will be able to answer you without a problem. Just return to the home page and choose a recent post. This is the most popular blog post because it is an issue that many go through while undergoing IVF, therefore do not hesitate to comment.**
**For those who wish to COMMENT with questions or observations, please note that the comment section is CLOSED on this post as it has exceeded the limit Blogger allows. Solution: You are welcome to choose any other blog post to comment on "bleeding after embryo transfer" and I will be able to answer you without a problem. Just return to the home page and choose a recent post. This is the most popular blog post because it is an issue that many go through while undergoing IVF, therefore do not hesitate to comment.**
Answer:
The embryo transfer is the most crucial step in the In Vitro Fertilization procedure/process. You can have the best quality embryos, but if they are not placed into the uterus correctly, then pregnancy will not occur. That is why "transfer technique" is so important. There have been studies showing that pregnancy rates can vary by Physicians within the same group, and this is all because of transfer technique. Once the disparities between transfer techniques were corrected and unified, the pregnancy rates became consistent. For this reason, you want to seek out a Physician who has a lot of experience with embryos transfers and comparable good pregnancy rates. If you go to a clinic that has multiple doctors, ask for the pregnancy rates of each Physician or your particular Physician. Although I know that newly trained REI Physicians have to get experience, most don't have a lot of embryo transfer experience from their fellowship. So, if I were paying $10,000 or more for an IVF cycle, I would ask for a more experienced doc to do the transfer. For more details regarding post embryo transfer bleeding, pain and other symptoms, see "What To Expect After Your Embryo Transfer".
Bleeding, usually bright red blood, with the embryo transfer is an absolute no no. If blood contaminates the endometrial cavity at the time of the transfer, this will kill the embryos and pregnancy will not occur. The catheter must be placed as gently and atraumatically as possible. That is an absolute requirement. The endometrium, which is now in its fullest growth state, thickened from estrogen stimulation, can be easily scraped and cause bleeding.
At our center, we use very soft catheters, very gentle technique, ultrasound guidance and mock embryo transfers preceding the cycle, to accomplish this. The mock embryo transfer or MET is especially important so that the Physician is not learning the curves of your canal at the time of transfer but has worked it out prior. You should have the same Physician who did the MET doing your transfer. This is especially important in patients whom we consider to have a "tortuous" canal, making it more difficult to insert the catheter with care. In this type of patient I will sometimes do the MET two to three times to become well acquainted with their canal.
You should not worry if brown blood or discharge occurs at the time of transfer, it will usually manifest within the first day or so after the transfer, but not into the mid-luteal phase or later. That type of bleeding would be from a different source.
There are situations, however, when bleeding can occur but not be ominous. Sometimes a woman's cervix will bleed easily from being scraped by the speculum or irrigation or wiping. This external bleeding will not affect the endometrial cavity as long as the transfer catheter is not exposed to the blood. For example, I do not let the catheter get exposed until the introducer is well into the cervical canal, near the internal cervical os (entrance to the endometrial cavity), to begin advancing the catheter.
Bleeding that occurs later in the luteal phase, days after the transfer, is very common if vaginal progesterone is used. This has been shown in various studies using Crinone, for example. In my patients, because I use both vaginal and injectable progesterone, it is almost 90%, but the bleeding tends to occur near the time of the pregnancy test or soon thereafter. This is probably caused by some erosion occuring on the external cervix. The exact cause, however, is not clearly understood. It is usually light spotting and can be anywhere from red to brown. Red is newer blood and brown is old blood. In general I tell my patients not to worry about this. The only bleeding that I would worry about is bleeding that is red and heavy like a period. This is not good, and should not occur if the hormones progesterone and/or estrogen have not been discontinued. Some patients will experience slight spotting 3-5 days after embryo transfer and refer to this as "implantation bleeding." Whether or not this is caused by implantation is not known. Implantation should not cause bleeding. However, again, if it is not bright red blood that is heavy like a period, it should not cause worry.
I certainly hope this information will help those of you who have either queried me or who have Googled for some reassurance in this regard.
Edward J. Ramirez, M.D., FACOG
Executive Medical Director
The Fertility and Gynecology Center
Monterey Bay IVF Program
Monterey, California, U.S.A.
Executive Medical Director
The Fertility and Gynecology Center
Monterey Bay IVF Program
Monterey, California, U.S.A.
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